Hartmann, Carl Sadakichi (c. 1867-1944)

Japanese-born US writer art critic. He wrote a number of free-verse plays, poetry, and art criticism. Hartmann was born in Nagasaki, Japan. His Japanese mother died shortly after his birth, and he was brought up by his uncle in Hamburg, Germany. He emigrated to Philadelphia, Pennsylvania in 1882, where he became Walt Whitman's assistant (1884-85). Hartmann then returned to Europe, where, among other activities, he was associated with Stéphane Mallarmé. He became a US citizen in 1894, and settled in California. Known as the ‘King of Bohemia’, he sired many children by various women, and died in poverty.