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Hebrew language |
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Hebrew languageMember of the Afro-Asiatic language family spoken in Southwest Asia by the ancient Hebrews, sustained for many centuries in the Diaspora as the liturgical language of Judaism, and revived by the late-19th-century Haskalah intellectual movement, which spread modern European culture among Jews. The language developed in the 20th century as Israeli Hebrew, the national language of the state of Israel. It is the original language of the Old Testament of the Bible. Such English words as cherub, chutzpah, Jehovah/Yahweh, kosher, rabbi, sabbath, seraph, and shibboleth are borrowings from Hebrew. The Hebrew alphabet (called the aleph-beth) is written from right to left.
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The Hebrew gymnasia (high schools modeled on the European example) offered instruction in such basic subjects as the Hebrew language and literature, mathematics, physics, chemistry, English, another foreign language, history (general and Jewish), Bible. You won't often hear it asked (with the inevitable self-righteous shrug) here in Israel: after all, the Israeli culture itself worships violence, with the semantic field of "war" being the richest in the modern Hebrew language, with militarism as the state religion, and with popular wisdom expressed in rules of thumb such as "where force won't do, try more force. Israeli institutes of higher learning, especially the universities, require their researchers to publish at least some of their work in English, and Israeli college educators assign English language texts in their syllabi both because of the relative dearth of Hebrew language resources and to promote mastery of English in the educational process. |
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