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Herod the Great |
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Herod the Great (74-4 BC)King of the Roman province of Judaea, southern Palestine, from 40 BC. With the aid of Mark Antony, he established his government in Jerusalem in 37 BC. He rebuilt the Temple in Jerusalem, but his Hellenizing tendencies made him suspect to orthodox Jewry. His last years were a reign of terror, and in the New Testament Matthew alleges that he ordered the slaughter of all the infants in Bethlehem to ensure the death of Jesus, whom he foresaw as a rival. He was the father of Herod Antipas. |
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Rich spent 11 months researching, learning about Jewish culture in Nazareth, the rule of Herod the Great and his paranoia over prophecies of a coming messiah, as well as the hardships and resentments Jews felt toward the Roman Empire, fueling their yearning for a political savior. The Temple was rebuilt after the Babylonian exile and again during the reign of Herod the Great. Both the first century Jewish historian Josephus (ANTIQUITIES OF THE JEWS: 17:165-66) and rabbinic sources (see Miller: 63-73) mention a priest from Sepphoris late in the reign of King Herod the Great named Joseph ben Elim or Elem (Joseph son of the mute) who substituted for his relative, Matthias ben Theophilus, as High Priest on Yom Kippur. |
Herod the Great
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