Howard, John (1726–1790)
English philanthropist whose work to improve prison conditions is continued today by the Howard League for Penal Reform (a charity formed in 1921 by the amalgamation of the Prison Reform League and the Howard Association).
On his appointment as high sheriff for Bedfordshire in 1773, he undertook a tour of English prisons which led to two acts of Parliament in 1774, making jailers salaried officers and setting standards of cleanliness. After touring Europe in 1775, he published State of the Prisons in England and Wales, with an account of some Foreign Prisons (1777). He died of typhus fever while visiting Russian military hospitals at Kherson in the Crimea.
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