Council of Ten

The highest decision-making body in the Venetian Republic. It was mainly responsible for state security. Established in 1310, it consisted of 10 (sometimes 16) senior figures in the Venetian government. In time it became the most powerful body in Venetian affairs, its aims being to protect the interests of Venice (from both internal and external threats) and to investigate serious crime. It employed spies, conducted secret diplomacy, and sometimes ordered assassinations. It was abolished in 1797, when Venice fell to Napoleon.

It was created after the defeat in 1310 of the revolt, led by Baiamonte Tiepolo, against the increasing power of Venice's aristocratic families. The Council consisted of the Doge and his six councillors, together with members elected from the Great Council and the Supreme Court, the selection being made by the Great Council. Usually, members were elected for one year and could not serve consecutive terms.

After the appointment of three inquisitors of state in 1539 for the secret investigation and punishment of crimes, the council was widely perceived as a sinister organization.