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ion exchange
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ion exchange

Process whereby an ion in one compound is replaced by a different ion, of the same charge, from another compound. Ion exchange is used in commercial water softeners to exchange the dissolved ions responsible for the water's hardness with others that do not have this effect. For example, when hard water is passed over an ion-exchange resin, the dissolved calcium and magnesium ions are replaced by either sodium or hydrogen ions, so the hardness is removed. The addition of washing soda to hard water is also an example of ion exchange:

Na2CO3(aq) + CaSO4(aq) → CaCO3(s) + Na2SO4(aq)

Ion exchange is the basis of a type of chromatography in which the components of a mixture of ions in solution are separated according to the ease with which they will replace the ions on the polymer matrix through which they flow. The exchange of positively charged ions is called cation exchange; that of negatively charged ions is called anion exchange.
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The most common method for removal of perchlorate from drinking water is to use ion-exchange resins, which pull out the pollutant but don't destroy it.
Catalyst cleans up by Science News
VALENCIA - A system to remove rocket fuel residue from a municipal well in Valencia started operating Friday, utilizing ion-exchange technology that is in use around the state, officials with the Valencia Water Co.
WELL CLEANUP UNDER WAY IN VALENCIA SYSTEM TO STRIP ROCKET FUEL RESIDUE by Daily News (Los Angeles, CA)
They incorporate Milliken Chemical's inorganic AlphaSan antimicrobial, a zirconium phosphate-based ceramic ion-exchange resin containing silver.
Biocide concentrates for a wide range of plastics by Plastics Technology
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