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12 January| 12 January 1729 | Ireland, UK [births and deaths] | Edmund Burke, British statesman and political theorist, born in Dublin, Ireland (–1797). | | 12 January 1876 | USA [births and deaths] | Jack London (pseudonym of John Griffith Chaney), US novelist and short-story writer, born in San Francisco, California (–1916). | | 12 January 1879 | Zululand, UK [wars] | Frederic Thesiger, Lord Chelmsford, invades Zululand and begins the war between the British and the Zulus. | | 12 January 1893 | Germany [births and deaths] | Hermann Goering, German Nazi leader under Hitler, born in Rosenheim, Germany (–1946). | | 12 January 1948 | England [everyday life] | The London Cooperative Society opens the first supermarket in Britain, at Manor Park in London, England. | | 12 January 1964 | Zanzibar [revolution] | A rebellion takes place in Zanzibar (now part of Tanzania), which is declared a republic. The sultanate is abolished and the sultan banished, and Abdullah Kassim forms a pro-communist government. | | 12 January 1970 | Nigeria, Biafra [revolution] | In the Nigerian civil war, the Biafran leader General Chukwuemeka Ojukwu flies into exile. On 15 January, Nigeria accepts Biafra's unconditional surrender. | | 12 January 1976 | England [births and deaths] | Agatha Christie, English playwright and author of detective novels, dies in Wallingford, Oxfordshire, England (85). | | 12 January 2000 | UK [gay rights] | Under pressure from the European court of human rights, British defence secretary Geoff Hoon announces the lifting of the ban on homosexuals in the armed forces. | | 12 January 2003 | USA [births and deaths] | Maurice Gibb, musician and singer with the hugely successful British pop music trio the Bee Gees, dies in Miami, Florida (53). |
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