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11 January| 11 January 1055 | Byzantine Empire [administration] | When the Byzantine emperor Constantine IX dies, his sister-in-law, the empress Theodora, becomes sole ruler. | | 11 January 1923 | Germany, France, Belgium [political events] | Because of Germany's failure to meet World War I reparations payments, French and Belgian troops occupy the Ruhr, Germany; its inhabitants respond with passive resistance and sabotage. | | 11 January 1928 | [births and deaths] | Thomas Hardy, English novelist and poet, dies in Dorchester, Dorset, England (87). | | 11 January 1963 | USA [everyday life] | The first discotheque opens, the Whisky-A-Go-Go in Los Angeles, California, with the emphasis on youth and contemporary rock 'n' roll dance music. | | 11 January 1974 | South Africa [everyday life] | Sue Rosenkowitz becomes the first woman to give birth to surviving sextuplets, three boys and three girls, in Cape Town, South Africa. | | 11 January 1989 | world [ecology] | A declaration outlawing the use of poison gas and toxic and bacteriological weapons is agreed by 149 countries. | | 11 January 1989 | Hungary [legislation] | The Hungarian parliament passes a law allowing the formation of political parties. | | 11–12 January 1992 | Algeria [political events] | President Chadli Benjedid of Algeria resigns as armed forces take control to thwart electoral victory by the Islamic Salvation Front. The High Security Council cancels the second round of elections on 12 January. | | 11 January 2000 | UK, Chile [crime and punishment] | British home secretary Jack Straw announces that the British government will not extradite former Chilean dictator Augusto Pinochet to stand trial in Spain for crimes against humanity, because a medical team ruled that he showed signs of senility and was medically unfit to do so. | | 11 January 2001 | USA [physiology] | Scientists in the USA announce that they have created the world's first genetically modified monkey, a baby rhesus called ANDi. The achievement could hasten the development of new treatments for a range of human diseases. |
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