| 14 January 1162 | Hungary [administration] | King Ladislas II of Hungary dies; he is succeeded by his brother, Stephen IV. |
| 14 January 1301 | Hungary [political events] | King Andrew III of Hungary, the last of the Árpád dynasty, dies. King Wenceslas II of Bohemia declines the crown, but his son Wenceslas is elected and crowned, taking the Hungarian name of László (Ladislas). Pope Boniface VIII supports the candidature of Charles Robert of Anjou. |
| 14 January 1485 | France [revolution] | The Duke of Orléans (the future Louis XII) and Duke Francis II of Brittany lead a coalition of French magnates in defiance of the regent, Anne of Beaujeu, and supporting the rights of the Estates General. Thus begins la Guerre Folle (the ‘Mad War’). |
| 14 January 1526 | Spain, France, Burgundy, Naples, Milan, Holy Roman Empire, Italy, Genoa, Spanish Netherlands [treaties] | King Francis I of France is forced by his captor, the Holy Roman Emperor Charles V, to sign the Treaty of Madrid; he promises to surrender the duchy of Burgundy and his claims to Naples, Milan, Asti, Genoa, Flanders, and Artois, and to aid neither Henri d'Albret, claimant to the throne of Navarre, nor the rebel Charles of Egmont, Duke of Guelders. He also pledges to return the sequestered lands to Charles, duc de Bourbon. |
| 14–16 January 1604 | UK [political events] | King James I of England and Archbishop John Whitgift hold the Hampton Court Conference to reconcile differences between Puritans and Anglican bishops. Attended by the bishops and leading Puritans it is intended to settle doctrine and practice. Though the king refuses to consider changes to these, he supports the request for a new translation of the Bible (published in 1611), Jesuits are expelled from England, and some changes are made to the Book of Common Prayer. |
| 14 January 1742 | England [births and deaths] | Edmond Halley, English astronomer and mathematician, dies in Greenwich, London, England (85). |
| 14 January 1761 | India [wars] | A coalition of Afghan forces under Ahmad Shah Durrani defeats the Maratha army at Panipat, ending any prospect of Maratha succession to the Mogul empire. |
| 14 January 1820 | Antarctica [exploration] | English naval officer Edward Bransfield lands on Deception Island in Antarctica, and plants the Union Jack and buries a bottle containing coins there. He sights high, snow-covered mountains to the south on 20 January – the first sighting of mainland Antarctica. |
| 14 January 1866 | Peru, Spain [wars] | Peru declares war on Spain in resentment over clauses in the treaty of 27 January 1865 by which Peru's independence was recognized. |
| 14 January 1898 | England [births and deaths] | Lewis Carroll (pen-name of Charles Lutwidge Dodgson), English novelist who wrote Alice's Adventures in Wonderland (1865), dies in Guildford, Surrey, England (65). |
| 14–24 January 1943 | Morocco [treaties] | A conference is held at Casablanca in newly liberated Morocco between British prime minister Winston Churchill and US president Franklin Roosevelt. They agree to increase bombing of Germany and mount an invasion of Sicily to exploit Allied success in North Africa. They also demand the unconditional surrender of the Axis powers. |
| 14 January 1954 | USA [popular culture] | The US actor Marilyn Monroe is married for a second time, to US baseball star Joe DiMaggio; in October, she sues for divorce. |
| 14 January 1999 | USA [administration] | The impeachment trial of US president Bill Clinton opens in the Senate in Washington, DC. It is the first-ever impeachment trial of an elected US president. The president is charged with perjury and obstruction of justice in his testimony about his relationship with former White House intern Monica Lewinsky. |
| 14 January 2004 | USA [business and economics] | New York-based bank J P Morgan Chase announces a takeover worth nearly US$60 billion of Chicago-based rival Bank One. The combined company will become the second-largest banking operation in the USA after Citigroup. |
