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19 January| 19 January 1343 | France, England [Hundred Years War (1337–1453)] | King Edward III of England and King Philip VI of France make a truce under the Treaty of Malestroit. | | 19 January 1419 | Normandy, France, England [Hundred Years War (1337–1453)] | Rouen, the capital of Normandy, France, surrenders to King Henry V of England, whose conquest of Normandy is thus complete. | | 19 January 1479 | Aragon, Castile, Spain [administration] | John II, King of Aragon, dies and is succeeded by his son Ferdinand II, King of Castile. A union of the two crowns is created through the person of Ferdinand. | | 19 January 1629 | Persia [births and deaths] | 'Abbas I the Great, Shah of Persia 1588–1629, who expelled the Ottomans and Uzbeks from Persia, dies (57). | | 19 January 1668 | France, Spain, Holy Roman Empire [treaties] | King Louis XIV of France signs a partition treaty with the Holy Roman Emperor Leopold I preparing for the future division of the Spanish kingdom in the event of the death of the sickly seven year old Charles II of Spain without heirs. It is agreed that France will take the Spanish Netherlands, the Franche-Comté, Naples, Sicily, Navarre, the Philippines, and Spanish possessions in Africa, while the Emperor will gain Spain, Spanish America, Milan, Sardinia, and the Balearic and Canary Islands. | | 19 January 1736 | Scotland [births and deaths] | James Watt, Scottish inventor whose improved steam engine had a major impact on the Industrial Revolution, born in Greenock, Renfrewshire, Scotland (–1819). | | 19 January 1771 | France [law and government] | The French chancellor, René de Maupéou, abolishes the country's parlements, replacing them with an alternative system of courts under royal control. This coup d'état is fiercely controversial. | | 19 January 1807 | USA [births and deaths] | Robert E Lee, Confederate general who commands the Southern armies during the American Civil War, born in Stratford, Westmoreland County, Virginia (–1870). | | 19 January 1809 | USA [births and deaths] | Edgar Allan Poe, US poet, critic and short-story writer, born in Boston, Massachusetts (–1849). | | 19 January 1839 | France [births and deaths] | Paul Cézanne, French post-Impressionist painter whose work leads to the development of cubism, born in Aix-en-Provence, France (–1906). | | 19 January 2006 | [space exploration] | The US National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) successfully launches the first ever mission to Pluto. The uncrewed probe called New Horizons will take until 2015 to reach the planet. |
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