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4 January| 4 January 1919 | Latvia, Russia [Russian Civil War (1918–20)] | The Red Army takes Riga, Latvia, as the Russian communists attempt to reconquer the Baltic states. | | 4 January 1932 | India [law and government] | Following the return of the nationalist leader Mahatma Gandhi to India from the second Round Table Conference in London, England, and the revival of civil disobedience, the Indian government is granted emergency powers for six months. The Indian National Congress is declared illegal and Gandhi is arrested. | | 4 January 1948 | Burma, UK [political events] | Burma achieves independence from Britain and becomes a republic. | | 4 January 1961 | Austria [births and deaths] | Erwin Schrödinger, Austrian physicist who developed the wave theory of matter, dies in Vienna, Austria (73). | | 4 January 1965 | England, USA [births and deaths] | T(homas) S(tearns) Eliot, US-British modernist poet and playwright who had a strong influence on 20th-century poetry, dies in London, England (76). | | 4–31 January 2004 | [space exploration] | Two US space probes, Spirit and Opportunity, land successfully on Mars to begin investigations into whether the planet ever had water and if it could have supported life. By the end of the month there remains no contact with the British Beagle 2 probe which should have touched down on Mars on 25 December 2003. |
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