| 1 July 1097 | Seljuk Sultanate of Rum [Crusades (1095–1272)] | The crusaders defeat Kilij Arslan, Seljuk sultan of Rum, at Dorylaeum, opening the way for their army to cross into Anatolia. |
| 1 July 1270 | France [Crusades (1095–1272)] | The French king Louis IX sails from France on the Eighth Crusade to the Holy Land to recover Palestine from the Muslims. |
| 1 July 1569 | Poland-Lithuania [political events] | King Sigismund II Augustus of Poland integrates his principality of Lithuania into Poland in the face of Russian aggression; the Union of Lublin creates a federal state with a unified diet (legislative assembly). Both polities retain their own armies, treasuries, administration, and laws. |
| 1 July 1586 | Scotland, England [treaties] | In the Treaty of Berwick, Queen Elizabeth I of England and King James VI of Scotland undertake to preserve the religious status quo and engage in mutual defence against third parties. James is to receive an annual pension from England. |
| 1 July 1690 | UK [wars] | King William III of England defeats the dispossessed king James II at the battle of the Boyne in Ireland. James flees to France. |
| 1 July 1781 | India [colonization] | Sir Eyre Coote, Irish-born British commander in chief in India, defeats Hyder Ali, Sultan of Mysore, at Porto Novo, establishing British hegemony over southern India. |
| 1 July 1823 | Guatemala, El Salvador, Nicaragua, Honduras, Costa Rica [international organizations] | The former Spanish colonies of Guatemala, San Salvador, Nicaragua, Honduras, and Costa Rica form the Confederation of the United Provinces of Central America. |
| 1 July 1839 | Ottoman Empire [law and government] | Sultan Mahmud II of the Ottoman Empire dies and is succeeded by his 16-year-old son, Abdul Mejid. |
| 1 July 1847 | USA [postal services] | The first adhesive postage stamps in the USA go on sale. |
| 1–3 July 1863 | USA [American Civil War (1861–65)] | General Robert E Lee's Confederate army is defeated by General George G(ordon) Meade's Union force in the Battle of Gettysburg, Pennsylvania. Confederate casualties in the three-day battle total 28,000, Union casualties 23,000. |
| 1 July 1872 | UK, Australia [postal services] | A telegraph line is established between Britain and Australia. |
| 1 July 1890 | UK, Germany, Africa [treaties] | Under an Anglo-German convention, Britain exchanges the North Sea island of Heligoland for Zanzibar and Pemba in East Africa. |
| 1 July 1895 | Africa [colonization] | The British government creates an East African protectorate on the dissolution of the British East Africa Company. |
| 1 July 1896 | USA [births and deaths] | Harriet Beecher Stowe, US writer, author of Uncle Tom's Cabin, dies in Hartford, Connecticut (85). |
| 1 July 1902 | Philippines [law and government] | The US Congress passes the Philippines Government Act, making the Philippines a US territory. It creates a bicameral (two chamber) legislature, but retains a US right of veto under a civil governor. The first governor, William Howard Taft, takes office 4 July. |
| 1–19 July 1903 | France [sports] | The Tour de France cycling race is run for the first time, organized by Henri Desgrange, editor of the French cycling magazine L'Auto. Twenty-one of the 60 entrants finish the 2,428-km/1,509-mi race, with Maurice Garin of France the winner. |
| 1 July 1910 | South Africa [legislation] | By an act of the British Parliament the Union of South Africa becomes a dominion, an independent country remaining within the British Empire. |
| 1 July 1911 | Morocco, Germany [diplomacy] | The German gunboat Panther arrives in Agadir, Morocco, allegedly to protect German interests threatened by French involvement in Morocco, and sparks an international crisis. |
| 1 July–18 November 1916 | France [World War I (1914–18)] | French and British troops mount the Battle of the Somme in France, a massive offensive which gains 8 km/5 mi of territory. The British Army suffers 60,000 casualties (including 20,000 dead) on the first day, while the whole campaign results in over 620,000 British and French casualties and about 450,000 German casualties. |
| 1 July 1937 | UK [telephone services] | The 999 emergency telephone number for police, fire, and ambulance services is introduced in the UK. |
| 1–4 July 1942 | Egypt [World War II (1939–45)] | The British 8th Army under General Claude Auchinleck halts the advance of German troops under Field Marshal Erwin Rommel into British-held Egypt at the First Battle of El Alamein. |
| 1–22 July 1944 | USA, Germany, Japan [diplomacy] | The Bretton Woods Conference in New Hampshire draws up financial plans for the post-war world after the expected defeat of Germany and Japan. |
| 1 July 1952 | Europe [international organizations] | The Schuman Plan, which creates a European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC), comes into force. |
| 1 July 1961 | England [births and deaths] | Lady Diana Spencer, Princess of Wales, humanitarian, and charity worker, born at Park House, Sandringham, Norfolk (– 1997). |
| 1 July 1963 | USA [media and communication] | The US postal service introduces five-digit Zone Improvement Plan (ZIP) codes for addresses. |
| 1 July 1966 | France [diplomacy] | France withdraws its forces from the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) following a dispute over US involvement in Europe's defence. |
| 1 July 1968 | UK, USA, USSR [treaties] | Sixty-one nations, including Britain, the USA, and USSR sign a nuclear nonproliferation treaty. |
| 1 July 1979 | Japan [technology] | Akio Morita, chairman of the Japanese company Sony, launches the Walkman, a small portable, personal tape recorder at a price of $165; he is reputed to have invented the product because his own children were fond of loud music. |
| 1 July 1987 | Europe [international organizations] | Members of the European Community complete ratification of the Single European Act. It comes into force on 1 July, with the aim of starting the creation of a single market in Europe by 1993. It also introduces qualified majority voting in the European Council of Ministers. |
| 1 July 1990 | East Germany [political events] | East Germany cedes sovereignty over economic, monetary, and social policy to the West German government and the Bundesbank, with the Deutschmark becoming its official currency. |
| 1 July 1991 | USA [legislation] | A law passed by Congress extending the employment rights of mentally ill Americans goes into effect. Among other provisions, employers cannot ask job applicants if they have a history of mental illness. |
| 1 July 1992 | USA [Catholicism] | The Roman Catholic Church orders its US bishops to oppose any laws that promote the public acceptance of homosexuality. |
| 1 July 1999 | UK [law and government] | Queen Elizabeth II formally opens the Scottish Parliament, the first Scottish legislature in nearly 200 years. |
| 1 July 2002 | Germany Switzerland [transport disasters] | A Boeing 757 freight airliner and a Tupolev 154 passenger jet carrying mainly children from Russia to Spain collide in midair over Lake Constance on the German-Swiss border killing over 70 people. The conduct of Swiss air traffic controllers comes under investigation. |
| 1 July 2002 | [crime and punishment] | The International Criminal Court, the world's first permanent tribunal to try cases of genocide, crimes against humanity and war crimes, comes into existence. Based in The Hague in the Netherlands, its powers are not retrospective. Despite ratification of the treaty establishing the court by over 70 countries, the USA refuses to recognize its jurisdiction without protection from prosecution for its personnel serving in United Nations (UN) peacekeeping missions. |
| 1 July 2004 | USA [births and deaths] | Marlon Brando, iconic US Academy Award-winning cinema actor who starred in films such as On the Waterfront (1954), The Godfather (1972), and Apocalypse Now (1979), dies in Los Angeles, California (80). |
