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22 July| 22 July 1099 | Kingdom of Jerusalem [elections] | Godfrey of Bouillon is elected as ‘Defender of the Holy Sepulchre’, refusing the title king, and so founds the Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem. | | 22 July 1227 | Denmark, Germany [wars] | King Valdemar II of Denmark is defeated at Bornhöved by the allies of Henry, Count of Schwerin, losing the town of Lübeck and other conquests in northern Germany. German colonization towards the east now resumes. | | 22 July 1581 | United Netherlands, Holy Roman Empire [Dutch Revolt (1598–1609)] | The United Netherlands depose King Philip II of Spain as sovereign of the Netherlands in the Act of Abjuration (published 26 July). | | 22 July 1812 | UK, France, Spain, Portugal [Napoleonic Wars (1803–15)] | British forces, under Arthur Wellesley, Duke of Wellington, decisively defeat the French, under Marshal Auguste Marmont, on the Spanish–Portuguese border at Salamanca, and subsequently advance into Spain. | | 22 July 1822 | Austria [births and deaths] | Gregor Mendel, Austrian monk and botanist who lays the mathematical foundations of genetics, born in Heinzendorf, Austria (–1884). | | 22 July 1901 | United Kingdom [legislation] | The British House of Lords rules on the ‘Taff Vale Case’, and weakens the position of trade unions by ruling that a trade union may now be liable for damages caused by its members during a strike. This means that the Amalgamated Society of Railway Servants, who have been sued by the Taff Vale Railway Company, will have to pay a fine of £23,000. | | 22 July 1977 | China [law and government] | The Chinese Communist Party expels the ‘Gang of Four’, who had tried to seize power after the death of Mao Zedong. Deng Xiaoping is reinstated as deputy premier. | | 22 July 2003 | Iraq [births and deaths] | Uday Hussein, fugitive son of deposed Iraqi dictator Saddam Hussein renowned for violence and cruelty, is killed by US special forces in Mosul, northern Iraq (39). | | 22 July 2003 | Iraq [births and deaths] | Qusay Hussein, fugitive son and heir apparent of deposed Iraqi dictator Saddam Hussein, is killed by US special forces in Mosul, northern Iraq (37). | | 22 July 2007 | United Arab Emirates [architecture] | The Burj Dubai, a skyscraper under construction in the United Arab Emirates, becomes the world's tallest building as it reaches 1,680 feet to surpass the Taipei 101 office block in Taiwan. |
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