| 9 July 1686 | France, Holy Roman Empire, Germany, Spain, Sweden [international organizations] | In response to King Louis XIV of France 's claims to the Palatinate, the defensive League of Augsburg is formed to protect against encroachments on German soil. It includes the Holy Roman Emperor Leopold I, the Electors of Bavaria, Saxony, and the Palatinate, the kings of Spain and Sweden by virtue of their German territories, and other minor German princes. |
| 9 July 1810 | France, Netherlands [colonization] | Emperor Napoleon I annexes the Netherlands, making it part of the Empire of the French. |
| 9 July 1816 | Argentina, Spain [political events] | At the Congress of Tucuman, the United Provinces of La Plata (Argentina) declare independence from Spain. |
| 9–19 July 1877 | UK [tennis] | The first All England Lawn Tennis Championships are played at Wimbledon, London. A crowd of 200 people watches Spencer Gore defeat William Marshall in the final of the Gentlemen's Singles, the only event at the meeting. |
| 9 July 1915 | German South West Africa [World War I (1914–18)] | German forces in South West Africa surrender to the South African Louis Botha. |
| 9 July 1916 | [births and deaths] | Edward Heath, prime minister of Britain 1970–74, a Conservative, born in Broadstairs, Kent, England. |
| 9 July 1921 | United Kingdom [political events] | The Irish nationalist leader Eamon de Valera, on behalf of the self-declared Irish Republic, agrees a truce with the British authorities (fighting ends two days later). |
| 9 July 1953 | USSR [political events] | Lavrenti Beria, the Soviet minister of internal affairs, is arrested (and shot on 23 December); his Politburo rivals for leadership of the USSR fear his potential power. |
| 9 July 1994 | China, Hong Kong [political events] | The government of the People's Republic of China announces that the British colony of Hong Kong's legislative council will be terminated on China's resumption of sovereignty in 1997; it rejects the reform package approved in the colony on 30 June. |
| 9 July 2001 | Chile [law and government] | In Chile, the kidnapping and murder case against former military dictator Augusto Pinochet collapses as a court rules he is mentally unfit to face trial, bringing to an end lengthy efforts to try him for human rights abuses. |
| 9 July 2003 | UK [crime and punishment] | In the UK two rail companies and six of their executives are charged with manslaughter under the Health and Safety Act following a long police investigation into a train derailment near Hatfield in Hertfordshire, England, in October 2000 in which four people died. |
| 9–14 July 2004 | UK, USA [Second Gulf War (2003)] | A committee of inquiry chaired by Lord Butler delivers its report on the UK government's justification for going to war against Saddam Hussein's regime in Iraq in 2003. It criticises the seriously flawed quality of intelligence about Iraqi weapon capabilities, but finds that there was no deliberate attempt on the part of the government to mislead and apportions no blame to individuals. The Butler report follows a few days after a more damning assessment of US intelligence failures on Iraq by the US Senate Intelligence Committee. |
