| 28 June 1119 | Principality of Antioch, Danishmend Emirate, Syria [Crusades (1095–1272)] | On the ‘Field of Blood’ near Aleppo, Syria, the Norman army of Antioch is destroyed by Ghazi, the Danishmend emir. Though Roger of Salerno, Prince of Antioch, is killed in the battle, Ghazi does not follow up his victory. |
| 28 June 1228 | Holy Roman Empire, Palestine, Italy [Crusades (1095–1272)] | The Holy Roman Emperor Frederick II sails for Palestine on the Sixth Crusade. Pope Gregory IX renews his sentence of excommunication, this time because excommunicates cannot go on crusade. |
| 28 June 1264 | England [political events] | King Henry III of England accepts a ‘form of government’ giving control to the baronial party of Simon IV de Montfort, Earl of Leicester. A provisional administration is established by the earls of Gloucester and Leicester and the bishop of Chester. The king's affairs are to be controlled by a council of nine. |
| 28 June 1330 | Serbia, Bulgaria [wars] | Stephen Uroš III, King of Serbia, defeats and kills Michael Šišman, the Bulgarian tsar, near Velbužd, thereby establishing Serbian dominance in Macedonia. Michael Šišman is succeeded in 1331 by John Alexander. |
| 28 June 1412 | Aragon, Spain [political events] | A commission ends the succession dispute in Aragon by electing Ferdinand, uncle and regent of King John II of Castile and León, as king. |
| 28 June 1491 | England [births and deaths] | Henry VIII, King of England 1509–47, who broke with the Roman Catholic Church and had six wives, two of whom he executed and two of whom he divorced, born in Greenwich, near London, England (–1547). |
| 28 June 1519 | Holy Roman Empire [political events] | The Habsburg king Charles I of Spain is unanimously elected Holy Roman Emperor as Charles V in Frankfurt, having bought the electors with loans from the Fuggers of Augsburg. The electors are anyway antipathetic to the prospect of French rule, and the army of Habsburg allies, the Swabian League, is encamped close by. |
| 28 June 1712 | France, Swiss Confederation [births and deaths] | Jean-Jacques Rousseau, French philosopher whose writings provided inspiration to the leaders of the French Revolution, born in Geneva, Swiss Confederation (–1778). |
| 28 June 1914 | Bosnia-Herzegovina, Austria-Hungary [terrorism] | Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria-Hungary (50) and his wife are assassinated at Sarajevo, Bosnia, by Gavrilo Princip, an 18-year-old Bosnian Serb student linked with the Serbian nationalist society ‘the Black Hand’. The death of Archduke Ferdinand is to spark off World War I. |
| 28 June 1919 | France [treaties] | German representatives sign the peace treaty ending the 1914–18 war in the Hall of Mirrors of the Palace of Versailles near Paris, France (for terms, see 7 May). |
| 28 June 1919 | United Kingdom, USA, France [treaties] | Britain and the USA guarantee French security in the event of an unprovoked German attack, though the US Senate later refuses to ratify the treaty. |
| 28–30 June 1922 | Ireland, UK [political events] | Anti-Treaty (Anglo-Irish Treaty) republicans seize the assistant chief of staff of the Irish army, General Ginger O'Connell, in Dublin in the Irish Free State (now the Republic of Ireland) and hold him hostage in the Four Courts building; the Irish army besieges the building and the rebel forces present surrender. Fighting continues in the rest of Dublin. |
| 28 June 1928 | Germany [political events] | Hermann Müller, Social Democrat, is appointed German chancellor (following the resignation of Wilhelm Marx's ministry on 13 June). |
| 28 June 1948 | Yugoslavia, USSR [international organizations] | Yugoslavia is expelled from the Cominform (Communist Information Bureau) for its hostility to the USSR. |
| 28 June 1976 | Seychelles [decolonization] | The Seychelles gain their independence within the Commonwealth. |
| 28 June 1997 | USA, World [boxing] | Evander Holyfield of the USA retains his World Boxing Association (WBA) world heavyweight title in Las Vegas, Nevada, when the challenger Mike Tyson of the USA is disqualified in the third round for biting Holyfield's ear. Tyson is subsequently fined $3 million and banned from fighting but he is allowed to keep his $30-million purse. |
| 28 June 2001 | USA [business and economics] | Finding in favour of software giant Microsoft, a US appeals court overturns an earlier court decision that the group should be broken up into separate companies. However, the court agrees that Microsoft has illegally maintained its computer operating system monopoly. |
