Kalmus

US inventors. In 1915 Herbert formed Kalmus, Comstock and Westcorr and the firm developed an early form of Technicolor, it being used in the film The Gulf Between in 1917. Natalie is generally recognized as having played a significant role in developing Technicolor. The operations were moved to Hollywood in 1927 and the three-colour technology was used in what is regarded as the first full-colour film, Becky Sharp in 1935.

Herbert was born in Chelsea, Massachusetts, and Natalie in Norfolk, Virginia. She studied art while Herbert earned his BS from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) in 1904. They continued their studies in Europe 1905-06. He taught at MIT 1907-15. They were married in 1902 but secretly divorced in 1921. Natalie sued Herbert in the late 1940s, seeking half his assets; the court upheld the 1921 divorce and she received only a pension of US$11,000 a year. Herbert was sued by the US Justice Department in an antitrust action in 1947, but he retained control of Technicolor until he retired in 1959.