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Khilafat movement

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Khilafat movement

Campaign by Indian Muslims after World War I to protect the office of khalifa from abolition by the British, and to protest against partition of Turkey under the Treaty of Sèvres 1920, which was seen as an organized attempt to eliminate all centres of Muslim power. It was the only time that Muslims and Hindus united in active anti-British alliance. The khalifa was the religious and temporal head of the Sunni branch of Islam, and was situated in Constantinople.

The episode was of the noncooperation movement in India during the early 1920s; Gandhi pushed Congress to support the Muslim cause. The movement disappeared when the office was abolished 1924 by the Turkish nationalist Kemal Atatürk, and the campaign ended in failure with bitter Hindu–Muslim recriminations.



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The province was the epicenter of the rebellion of 1857; it spawned both the movement for Muslim separatism in the late nineteenth century and the Ali brothers, the charismatic leaders of the Khilafat movement which produced the greatest moment of Hindu-Muslim unity in the twentieth century.
It is also a valuable addition to the historiography of Islam in northern India, and certainly deserves to be placed alongside such seminal work as Gail Minault's study of the Khilafat movement, Barbara Metcalfs study of Muslim revivalism in the nineteenth century, Richard Eaton's analysis of the spread of Islam in Bengal, David Lelyveld's study of Aligarh, and Robinson 's own work on Muslim separatism in India.
 
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