biomechanics

Application of mechanical engineering principles and techniques in the field of medicine and surgery, studying natural structures to improve those produced by humans. For example, mother-of-pearl is structurally superior to glass fibre, and deer antlers have outstanding durability because they are composed of microscopic fibres. Such natural structures may form the basis of ‘high-tech’ composites. Biomechanics has been responsible for many advances in orthopaedics, anaesthesia, and intensive care. Biomechanical assessment of the requirements for replacement of joints, including evaluation of the stresses and strains between parts, and their reliability, has allowed development of implants with very low friction and long life. See arthroplasty.