Commagene

Hellenistic kingdom in northern Syria. It was created 162 BC when Ptolemy broke away from the Seleucid kingdom. In spite of Roman presence in the region, it remained an independent kingdom until AD 17, when Tiberius made it a Roman province on the death of Antiochus III. Although it was later returned to independent rule by Gaius Caligula, it was finally added to the province of Syria by Vespasian AD 72.