By August 13, 1945 the Red Army after only a week of fighting had overrun Japan's crack Kwangtung Army in Manchukuo and were set for an August 25 invasion of the homeland.

Return to Keung School, Kwangtung City, Kwangtung Province.

Rather, it was occasioned by external events, namely, the difficulties that followed the refusal of some Catholic students of Sophia University in Tokyo to pay homage to the war dead during their visit to a Shinto shrine on May 5, 1932, and the decision of the Japanese Kwangtung army to make Confucianism the Wangtao (The Way of the Benevolent Ruler) for all the peoples (therefore also for Catholics) of their puppet state of Manchukuo.