Levine, Philip (1928– )

US poet. He is known for his spare, reflective poetry, as in What Work Is (1991). Levine was born in Detroit, Michigan. He studied at Wayne State, Iowa, and Stanford universities, and taught at California State University, Fresno (from 1981). He also edited and translated volumes of poetry, and won many awards for his own work.

Levine, Philip (1900–1987)

Russian-born US immunohematologist. He was a research assistant at the Rockefeller Institute (1925–32), where, in 1928, he and future Nobel laureate Karl Landsteiner codiscovered the M, N, and P human blood groups. In 1940, with Landsteiner and Alexander Weiner, he discovered the Rh factor in human blood and was the first to publish results of subsequent research on fetal-maternal isoimmunization due to this factor. He became director (1944–66), emeritus director (1966–75), then consultant (1975–85) at the Ortho Research Foundation, Raritan, New Jersey, whose immunohematology division was renamed the Philip Levine laboratories shortly after his arrival.

Levine was born in Kletsk, Russia. He emigrated to Brooklyn, New York, with his parents in 1908. Levine taught and performed bacteriological research at the University of Wisconsin (1932–35), was a bacteriologist and serologist at Beth Israel Hospital, Newark, New Jersey (1935–44), and actively endorsed laws ordering blood tests for paternity at both institutions.