Lewis, (Mary) Edmonia (c. 1844-c. 1911)

US sculptor. She was known for her neoclassical work, as seen in her abolitionist sculpture Forever Free (1867). She was born Mary Edmonia Wildfire near Albany, New York. The daughter of a Chippewa Indian mother and a black father, she was orphaned early and was raised by her mother's tribe. Her brother, Sunrise, a California gold miner, sent her to Oberlin College, Ohio (1859-62), and she changed her name. There she was tried for the attempted murder of two of her classmates, was severely beaten by townspeople, was acquitted, and then moved to Boston, Massachusetts, in 1863. She travelled to Europe in 1865 and settled permanently in Rome, Italy, in 1867.