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Lombard league
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Lombard league

Association of northern Italian towns and cities (not all of which were in Lombardy) established in 1164 to maintain their independence against the Holy Roman emperors' claims of sovereignty. Venice, Padua, Brescia, Milan, and Mantua were among the founders.

Supported by Milan and Pope Alexander III (1105-1181), the league defeated Frederick Barbarossa at Legnano in northern Italy 1179 and effectively resisted Otto IV (1175-1218) and Frederick II, becoming the most powerful champion of the Guelph cause. Internal rivalries led to its dissolution 1250.
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