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Louis IV
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Louis IV (c. 921–954)

King of France from 936. His reign was marked by the rebellion of nobles who refused to recognize his authority. As a result of his liberality they were able to build powerful feudal lordships.

He was raised in England after his father Charles III the Simple, had been overthrown in 922 by Robert I. After the death of Raoul, Robert's brother-in-law and successor, Louis was chosen by the nobles to be king. He had difficulties with his vassal Hugh the Great, and skirmishes with the Hungarians, who had invaded southern France.

Louis IV (1287–1347)

Holy Roman Emperor from 1314. He was excommunicated about 1324 by Pope John XXII, and was later opposed by Clement VI. His anti-papal policies were supported by Marsilius of Padua and William of Ockham, but dynastic ambitions eventually brought his downfall.

He was known as the Bavarian Holy Roman Emperor, and was elected with the help of the Ghibellines.



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