Luxemburg, Rosa (1870–1919)
German communist Rosa Luxemburg was the leader of the Social Democratic Party and the Spartacus Party in the late 1890s–early 1900s.
Polish-born German communist. She helped found the Polish Social Democratic Party in the 1890s, the forerunner of the Polish Communist Party. She was a leader of the left wing of the German Social Democratic Party from 1898 where she collaborated with Karl Liebknecht in founding the Spartacus League in 1918 (see Spartacist). Imprisoned during World War I for opposing the continuation of the war, she was also critical of the decision to launch an uprising in November 1918. She disagreed with leading Polish left-wing ideologists on the issue of Polish nationalism. Luxemburg was also the author of a Marxist critique of capitalist imperialism, The Accumulation of Capital. She was murdered, together with Liebknecht, in January 1919 by the Frei Corps who put down the Spartacist uprising.
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