Macintosh, Douglas Clyde (1877-1948)

US Protestant theologian. His modernist ‘empirical theology’ sought to use scientific and philosophical methods to preserve the essence of Christian belief. His Theology as an Empirical Science appeared in 1917. Macintosh was born in Breadalbane, Ontario, Canada. He taught in country schools, studied at McMaster University, Canada, and the University of Chicago, and taught theology at Yale University for many years. He was denied US citizenship in 1931 for refusing to promise in advance to bear arms in the event of war.