management

Process or technique of running a business, through planning, organizing resources, and decision-making. Management systems vary according to the type of organization, company, and objectives.

Since the early 1970s, there has been a growing demand for learned management skills, such as those taught in the Harvard Business School, USA, and at the London Business School. By contrast, in Japan, such skills are learned on the job; employees tend to spend their careers with the same company and towards the end will acquire managerial status.