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Perry, Matthew Calbraith
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Perry, Matthew Calbraith (1794–1858)

US naval officer, commander of the expedition of 1853 that reopened communication between Japan and the outside world after 250 years' isolation. A show of evident military superiority, the use of steamships (thought by the Japanese to be floating volcanoes), and an exhibition of US technical superiority enabled him to negotiate the Treaty of Kanagawa in 1854, granting the USA trading rights with Japan.

Born in Newport, Rhode Island, he fought in the War of 1812 and the Mexican War 1847. In the early 1800s he helped to found the African state of Liberia for free US blacks, and in the 1830s and 1840s he developed an engineering corps for the US navy. He was the younger brother of Oliver Hazard Perry.
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In 1852 a new American expedition visited Japan under the command of Commodore Matthew Calbraith Perry.
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This mutual conflict began off Uraga, at the entrance to Tokyo Harbour during July 1853 when commander Matthew Calbraith Perry, bearing missives from President Millard Fillmore, ordered cannon to be fired to persuade a reluctant Japan to co-operate with US interests.
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