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Megara

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Megara

Ancient Greek city-state between Attica and Corinth. Bounded on the north by the Corinthian Gulf and on the south by the Saronic Gulf, Megara had two good harbours, attained commercial prosperity, and settlers from Megara founded many colonies, including Byzantium and Chalcedon.

The commercial pre-eminence of Megara gradually yielded to competition from Athens, Corinth, and Corcyra. In 455 BC the citizens of Megara massacred an Athenian garrison which had been stationed in the city 459, and Athens retaliated with an embargo on Megarian trade throughout her empire. After the Peloponnesian War Megara regained some of her former prosperity and was eventually admitted to the Achaean League.

Megara is celebrated as the seat of a philosophical school, usually called the ‘Megarian’, founded 398 BC by the mathamatician Euclid, who was born in the city. It was also known for its white shell marble and for a white clay, of which pottery was made.



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? Mentioned in ? References in classic literature
 
Then I saw Alcmena, the wife of Amphitryon, who also bore to Jove indomitable Hercules; and Megara who was daughter to great King Creon, and married the redoubtable son of Amphitryon.
The Odyssey by Homer View in context
55-62) And from Salamis Aias, blameless warrior, sought her to wife, and offered fitting gifts, even wonderful deeds; for he said that he would drive together and give the shambling oxen and strong sheep of all those who lived in Troezen and Epidaurus near the sea, and in the island of Aegina and in Mases, sons of the Achaeans, and shadowy Megara and frowning Corinthus, and Hermione and Asine which lie along the sea; for he was famous with the long spear.
Collection Of Hesiod, Homer and Homerica by Homer View in context
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