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Megara| Ancient Greek city-state between Attica and Corinth. Bounded on the north by the Corinthian Gulf and on the south by the Saronic Gulf, Megara had two good harbours, attained commercial prosperity, and settlers from Megara founded many colonies, including Byzantium and Chalcedon. |
| The commercial pre-eminence of Megara gradually yielded to competition from Athens, Corinth, and Corcyra. In 455 BC the citizens of Megara massacred an Athenian garrison which had been stationed in the city 459, and Athens retaliated with an embargo on Megarian trade throughout her empire. After the Peloponnesian War Megara regained some of her former prosperity and was eventually admitted to the Achaean League. |
| Megara is celebrated as the seat of a philosophical school, usually called the ‘Megarian’, founded 398 BC by the mathamatician Euclid, who was born in the city. It was also known for its white shell marble and for a white clay, of which pottery was made. |
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