Menshikov, Aleksander Danilovich (1663-1729)

Russian field marshal and statesman. He distinguished himself during Russia's war with Sweden 1702-13, notably at Poltava in 1709. As a civil administrator he successfully executed Peter (I) the Great's reforms, and on his death assumed the reins of government during the brief rule of Catherine and the minority of Peter II. Ousted from power by the Dolgorukis, he was banished and died an exile in Siberia.

Menshikov was born in Moscow. He began life by selling meat pies in the streets of Moscow, but owing to François Lefort, the tsar's favourite, he became popular with Peter the Great by 1697.