Nicolle, Charles Jules Henri (1866–1936)

French bacteriologist who was awarded a Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine in 1928 for his work on the role of the body louse in transmitting typhus. In 1909 he discovered that typhus is transmitted by the body louse and delousing was made a compulsory part of the military routine for the armies of World War I.

Nicolle was born in Rouen and studied in Paris. He became director of the Pasteur Institute in Tunis in 1902. From 1932 he was professor at the Collège de France. He was also a novelist.