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Norplant| Long-lasting hormonal contraceptive available in many countries 1983 (UK 1993), consisting of six silicon-coated rods inserted beneath the skin in a woman's arm. The rods release the progestogen levonorgestrel in controlled doses, preventing pregnancy for five years. It has a failure rate of 0.2 pregnancies per 100 women. It prevents pregnancy by thickening cervical mucus. The main side effect is irregular and breakthrough bleeding. |
| In some countries, especially in the USA, Norplant has been used controversially as a means of limiting the fertility of certain groups, notably African-American teenagers. |
| In the USA 1 million women had Norplant implants 1991–1994. Of these 20% requested early removal because of side effects. Complaints include interrupted menstruation and hair loss. |
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