| 9 November 959 | Byzantine Empire [political theory] | The Byzantine emperor Constantine VII (913–59) dies. As devoted to study as he was to politics, his many writings include De administrando imperio/On Imperial Administration, on foreign policy, and De cerimoniis aulae Byzantina/On the Ceremonies of the Byzantine Court, which describes the elaborate ceremonial of the Byzantine court. |
| 9 November 1277 | England [treaties] | Llywelyn ap Gruffydd, Prince of Wales, submits to King Edward I of England in the Treaty of Conway. He is forced to give up all his claims to the kingship of Wales. |
| 9 November–28 December 1568 | Japan [political events] | Having swept aside Kitabatake, Miyoshi, and Rokkaku opposition, the Japanese military ruler Oda Nobunaga enters Kyoto at the head of his army, where he installs Ashikaga Yoshiaki as shogun (military ruler) on 28 December. |
| 9 November 1799 | France [French Revolution] | Napoleon Bonaparte overthrows the ruling Directory (ruling executive) in France in the coup d'état of 18 Brumaire (revolutionary calendar). |
| 9 November 1882 | Egypt, UK, France [wars] | Anglo-French dual control of Egypt is re-established following its suspension during Arabi Pasha's period of influence. |
| 9 November 1918 | Germany [political events] | The Social Democrat Philip Scheidemann pre-empts the proclamation of a communist republic in Germany by declaring a republic himself. Friedrich Ebert replaces Prince Max as chancellor and, on 10 November, Kaiser Wilhelm II of Germany flees to the Netherlands. |
| 9 November 1937 | Scotland [births and deaths] | Ramsay MacDonald, British politician, first Labour Party prime minister of Britain 1924, prime minister again in 1929, and in a coalition government 1931–35, dies at sea (71). |
| 9–10 November 1938 | Germany [anti-Semitism] | Following the assassination of a Nazi diplomat in Paris, France, the Nazis organize a night of violence in Germany against Jews and their property. The assault is known as Kristallnacht (‘crystal night’), because of the litter of broken glass. |
| 9 November 1970 | France [births and deaths] | Charles de Gaulle, French general and president of France 1958–69, dies in Colombey-les-Deux-Eglises, France (79). |
| 9 November 1989 | East Germany [political events] | East Germany announces the opening of its border with West Germany as unrest continues and refugees continue to reach the West through the neighbouring countries. The authorities begin demolishing sections of the Berlin Wall the following day. |
| 9 November 1994 | Sri Lanka [political events] | Prime Minister Chandrika Kumoratunga becomes the first woman president of Sri Lanka; her mother, Sirima Bandaranaike Kumaratunga, takes over as prime minister. |
