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1532| 1100–1532 | South America [administration] | The Inca empire dominates the Andes region of South America. Its population numbers as many as 12 million. Incan society is based on a strict hierarchy, with an emperor who rules with absolute power. Their religion is based on sun-worship, and they are skilled builders who create a system of roads and irrigation. | | 1532 | France [literature and language] | French writer François Rabelais publishes the first book of his Pantagruel series, a satire which includes a discussion of the merits of an educational curriculum based on the study of the sciences. Four books are attributed to Rabelais, with a doubtful fifth published in 1553 after his death. | | c. 1532 | Italy [painting] | Italian artist Giulio Romano (Pippi) completes his frescoes in the Palazzo del Tè in Mantua, Italy. Those in the Sala dei Giganti (Room of the Giants) are among the best known. Romano also designed the building. | | 1532 | Italy [political theory] | Il Principe/The Prince by the Italian political writer Niccolò Machiavelli is published posthumously. Written in 1513, it analyses the ways in which political power is obtained and exercised, and provides an objective account of Renaissance politics. | | 23 July 1532 | Holy Roman Empire, Germany, Ottoman Empire [Habsburg–Ottoman Wars (1525–1718)] | The need for unity in the face of the Ottoman invasion, approaching the Austrian capital of Vienna, forces the Habsburgs to agree secretly the Peace of Nuremberg with the German Protestants; the Edict of Augsburg outlawing them is revoked and toleration is agreed until a general council meets. | | 7 August - 28 August 1532 | Austria, Habsburg Monarchy, Holy Roman Empire, Hungary, Ottoman Empire [Habsburg–Ottoman Wars (1525–1718)] | The Ottoman invasion of Hungary under Sultan Suleiman I the Magnificent stalls before the town of Günns (Burgenland); the stubborn resistance of a small garrison so delays the Ottoman Turks that the Holy Roman Emperor Charles V can reinforce the Austrian capital of Vienna in person, and autumn approaches. The Turks retreat, devastating Carinthia and Croatia (September). |
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