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19 November| 19 November 1212 | Germany, France, England, Holy Roman Empire [treaties] | By the Treaty of Toul, Frederick II, Duke of Hohenstaufen, King of Sicily, and King Philip II of France make an alliance against King John of England and the Holy Roman Emperor Otto IV. | | 19 November 1600 | UK [births and deaths] | Charles I, King of Great Britain and Ireland 1625–49, whose authoritarian rule provoked the English Civil Wars (1642–51), born in Dunfermline Palace, Fife, Scotland (–1649). | | 19 November 1828 | Austria [births and deaths] | Franz Schubert, Austrian composer, dies in Vienna, Austria (31). | | 19 November 1863 | USA [American Civil War (1861–65)] | US president Abraham Lincoln delivers the Gettysburg Address at the dedication of the Civil War cemetery at Gettysburg, Pennsylvania. He reiterates the principles of freedom, equality, and democracy embodied in the US constitution. | | 19 November 1919 | USA [treaties] | In a 55–39 vote the US Senate rejects the Treaty of Versailles, leaving the USA outside the League of Nations. | | 19 November 1994 | UK [gambling and lotteries] | The National Lottery, the first regular British national lottery, is launched, under government control and run by Camelot. It is the largest lottery in the world. |
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