nylon

Synthetic long-chain polymer similar in chemical structure to protein. Nylon was the first fully synthetic fibre. Made from petroleum, natural gas, air, and water, nylon was developed in 1935 by the US chemist W H Carothers and his associates, who worked for Du Pont. It is used in the manufacture of moulded articles, textiles, and medical sutures. Nylon fibres are stronger and more elastic than silk and are relatively insensitive to moisture and mildew. Nylon is used for a wide range of different textiles including carpets, and can be used in knitting or weaving. It is also used for simulating other fabrics such as silks and furs.

Two million tonnes of adipic acid are produced annually for the manufacture of nylon. Adipic acid is made from benzene, a carcinogen (cancer inducing); 10% of the greenhouse gas nitrous acid in the atmosphere is released during the process.