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29 October| 29 October 539 BC | Neo-Babylonian Empire, Persian Empire [wars] | King Cyrus of Persia triumphantly enters Babylon. The Persian Empire takes over from the short-lived Neo-Babylonian Empire and absorbs the kingdom of the Medes. | | 29 October 1268 | Sicily, Germany, Holy Roman Empire [political events] | Charles of Anjou, King of Sicily, has Conrad V (Conradin) executed, extinguishing the German royal house of Hohenstaufen. Conrad was also nominally king of Jerusalem. | | 29 October 1591 | Papal States, Italy [political events] | Antonio Facchinetti is elected Pope Innocent IX, following the death of Gregory XIV on 16 October. | | 29 October 1618 | UK [political events] | On his return to England from his expedition to Guiana, the English courtier and navigator Walter Raleigh is beheaded in the Tower of London, England, for his alleged part in a conspiracy to overthrow King James I in 1603 (c. 64). However, Raleigh's execution comes partly because he failed to find gold on the Orinoco River and partly because he sacked a Spanish settlement in Guiana – an action for which King Philip III of Spain demanded that Raleigh be punished. | | 29 October 1740 | Scotland [births and deaths] | James Boswell, Scottish diarist, friend and biographer of Samuel Johnson, born in Edinburgh, Scotland (–1795). | | 29 October 1865 | UK [administration] | The Liberal politician Lord John Russell becomes prime minister of Great Britain. | | 29 October 1923 | USA [musicals] | The revue Runnin' Wild, is performed for the first time, at the Colonial Theater, New York City. It includes ‘Charleston’ by Cecil Mack and James P Johnson, which launches a dance craze. | | 29 October 1957 | USA [births and deaths] | Louis B Mayer, US film executive, head of Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer (MGM) 1924–48, dies in Los Angeles, California (72). | | 29 October 1978 | China [law and government] | The late Mao Zedong's collection of thoughts, known as the Little Red Book, is denounced in China. | | 29 October 1998 | England [births and deaths] | Ted Hughes, English poet laureate, dies in Devon, England (68). | | 29 October 1999 | UK [legislation] | A European Union scientific committee rejects French claims that British beef can not be considered safe and rules that current regulations for the British beef do not need to be changed or tightened. |
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