Ormond, James Butler, 1st Duke of Ormond (1610–1688)

Anglo-Irish general. He commanded the Charles I's Royalist troops in Ireland 1641–50 during the Irish rebellion and the English Civil War, and was lord lieutenant 1644–47, 1661–69, and 1677–84. He was created a marquess in 1642 and a duke in 1661.

Ormond succeeded as 12th earl in 1633. After being defeated by Cromwell in 1649, and fled abroad to join Charles II. On the Restoration of the Stuart nmonarchy, he was made lord high steward of the household and regained his stewardship of Ireland. After James II came to the throne he retired into private life, but in 1687–88 he opposed several of the more arbitrary acts of the King, and especially those directed against Protestantism.