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ornithophily

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ornithophily

Strategy evolved by flowers to ensure their pollination by birds. Ornithophilous flowers are typically brightly coloured, often red or orange. They produce large quantities of thin, watery nectar, and are scentless because most birds do not respond well to smell. They are found mostly in tropical areas, with hummingbirds being important pollinators in North and South America, and the sunbirds in Africa and Asia.



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Table I Characters of ornithophily found in neotropical Vaccinieae that are seen as adaptations for hummingbird pollination Montane habitats; sun-loving terrestrial and epiphytic lifestyles Inflorescences with numerous flowers, usually horizontally oriented or pendent, facing outward, often opening for a long time Absence of a landing place Flowers often with protective (and colorful) bracts Flowers odorless Flowers often with presence of "parrot" colors; i.
Certainly, the association of hummingbirds with flowers is long-standing; in their study of the origin of plant-animal mutualisms in the woody flora of the temperate forest of southern South America, Aizen and Ezeurra (1998) con cluded that the evolution of ornithophily appears to have taken place well before the climatic cooling and biogeographical isolation of that region in the Tertiary.
 
 
 
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