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Otto IV
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Otto IV (c. 1174–1218)

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An illustration from the Manesse codex (1305–1340) of the German emperor Otto IV playing chess. The emperor's opponent is a woman, and as they play they are accompanied by musicians.

Holy Roman Emperor, elected in 1198. He was the son of Henry the Lion (1129–95), and was made Count of Poitou by his uncle, Richard (I) the Lionheart (1157–99). He clashed with Philip, Duke of Swabia, in rivalry for the empire. He engaged in controversy with Pope Innocent III (c. 1160–1216), and was defeated by the pope's ally Philip (II) Augustus of France at Bouvines in 1214. Otto lost the throne to Holy Roman Emperor Frederick II, and retired to Brunswick (Germany).



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