Peng Pai (or P'eng P'ai) (1896–1929)

Chinese rural revolutionary. In 1924 at the Guomindang (nationalist party) base at Guangzhou (Canton), he became secretary of the Peasants' Bureau and director of the Peasant Movement Training Institute. In 1925 he had helped form the Guangdong Provincial Peasant Association, which claimed 200,000 members. During the Northern Expedition of 1926–28 Peng organized China's first rural soviet. In the wake of Chiang Kai-shek's counter-revolution against the communists, however, Peng's soviet was crushed in 1928. He was captured and executed by the Guomindang.

From a landlord family, he studied in Japan before joining the Chinese Communist Party and organizing rural tenants in his home district of Haifeng in the southern province of Guangdong (Kwangtung). In 1923 he established a peasants' association, which campaigned for lower rents, led anti-landlord boycotts, and organized welfare activities. The association was crushed by a local warlord in 1924.