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Adrian IV
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Adrian IV (c. 1100–1159)

Pope 1154–59, the only English pope. He secured the execution of Arnold of Brescia and crowned Frederick I Barbarossa as German emperor. When he died, Adrian IV was at the height of a quarrel with Barbarossa over papal supremacy. He allegedly issued the controversial bull giving Ireland to Henry II of England in 1154. He was attacked for false representation, and the bull was subsequently refuted.

Breakspear was born at Abbots Langley, Hertfordshire, became a monk in France, at St Rufus, near Arles, and was elected abbot there 1137 and cardinal 1146.



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