Charles, (Charles Philip Arthur George) (1948– )

Prince Charles, heir to the British throne.

Prince of the UK, heir to the British throne, and Prince of Wales since 1958 (invested 1969). He is the first-born child of Queen Elizabeth II and the Duke of Edinburgh. He studied at Trinity College, Cambridge, (1967–70), before serving in the Royal Air Force and Royal Navy. The first royal heir since 1660 to have an English wife, he married Diana, Princess of Wales (then Lady Diana Spencer), daughter of the 8th Earl Spencer, in 1981. There are two sons and heirs, William (1982– ) and Harry (1984– ). Amid much publicity, Charles and Diana separated in 1992 and were divorced in 1996. His long-standing relationship with Camilla Parker Bowles (later the Duchess of Cornwall) was formally recognized when they married in 2005.

His concern with social issues and environmental issues has led to many projects for the young and underprivileged, of which the Prince's Trust is the best known, and he has been outspoken on the subject of the unsympathetic features of contemporary architecture.

Charles, (Karl Franz Josef) (1887–1922)

Emperor of Austria and king of Hungary from 1916, the last of the Habsburg emperors. He succeeded his great-uncle Franz Josef in 1916 but was forced to withdraw to Switzerland in 1918, although he refused to abdicate. In 1921 he attempted unsuccessfully to regain the crown of Hungary and was deported to Madeira, where he died.