quinine
Antimalarial drug extracted from the bark of the cinchona tree. Peruvian Indians taught French missionaries how to use the bark in 1630, but quinine was not isolated until 1820. It is a bitter alkaloid, with the formula C20H24N2O2.
Other antimalarial drugs have since been developed with fewer side effects, but quinine derivatives are still valuable in the treatment of unusually resistant strains.
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