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republic

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republic

Country where the head of state is not a monarch, either hereditary or elected, but usually a president, whose role may or may not include political functions.

A republic may be an aristocracy, oligarchy, or democracy. The earliest republics, those of Greece and Rome, were mainly aristocratic city-states as were the medieval republics of Venice, Florence, Genoa, and other Italian towns.

France has been a republic from 1793 to 1805, from 1848 to 1853, and from 1870 to the present time. Mexico has been a republic from 1824 to 1863, and from 1867 to the present time. Spain was a republic from 1873 to 1874, and again from 1931 to 1947, when it became theoretically a monarchy. Portugal from 1910, Poland from 1916, China from 1912, Germany from 1918, and Italy from 1945. San Marino and Andorra are the smallest republics. Germany, Switzerland, and the USA are federal republics. Several former British colonies, for example India, Ghana, Nigeria, and Zambia, have become republics since attaining independence, while remaining within the Commonwealth, of which the Queen is the head.



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? Mentioned in ? References in classic literature
 
THE Republic of Plato is the longest of his works with the exception of the Laws, and is certainly the greatest of them.
The Republic by Plato View in context
The two great points of difference between a democracy and a republic are: first, the delegation of the government, in the latter, to a small number of citizens elected by the rest; secondly, the greater number of citizens, and greater sphere of country, over which the latter may be extended.
Federalist Papers Authored by James Madison by Madison, James View in context
Cornelius de Witt, Ruart de Pulten, that is to say, warden of the dikes, ex-burgomaster of Dort, his native town, and member of the Assembly of the States of Holland, was forty-nine years of age, when the Dutch people, tired of the Republic such as John de Witt, the Grand Pensionary of Holland, understood it, at once conceived a most violent affection for the Stadtholderate, which had been abolished for ever in Holland by the "Perpetual Edict" forced by John de Witt upon the United Provinces.
The Black Tulip by Dumas, Alexandre View in context
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