Richthofen, Manfred, Freiherr von (1892–1918)

German aviator. In World War I he commanded the 11th Chasing Squadron, known as Richthofen's Flying Circus, and shot down 80 aircraft before being killed in action.

Originally a cavalryman (Lancer) he transferred to the air corps and eventually became the most famous ‘ace’ of the German service. A phenomenal shot, he relied more upon that than upon any tactical skill, and by February 1917 had over 20 Allied aircraft to his credit. He scored his 80th victory April 1918, when he received the Order of the Red Eagle with Crowns and Swords. He was shot down behind British lines on the Somme 21 April 1918 and buried with full military honours.