Risorgimento
19th-century movement for Italian national unity and independence, begun 1815. Leading figures in the movement included Cavour, Mazzini, and Garibaldi. Uprisings 1848–49 failed, but with help from France in a war against Austria – to oust it from Italian provinces in the north – an Italian kingdom was founded in 1861. Unification was finally completed with the addition of Venetia in 1866 and the Papal States in 1870.
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