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Roman–Samnite Wars (326–299 BC) - events| 343 BC–341 BC | Rome | The Samnites, a group of warlike tribes in eastern central Italy, are at war with Rome in what is known as the First Samnite War. Defeated by Rome, they successfully plead with Rome not to destroy their city of Capua. The war effectively dissolves the Latin League, a confederation of villages and tribes around and including Rome which had banded together for protection. Rome is left in control of Latium after the war. | | 326 BC | Rome | Roman intervention in the dispute over Neapolis (Naples) causes the Samnites to declare war on Rome – the Second Samnite War. | | 321 BC | Rome, Italy | During the Second Samnite War, a Roman army is caught by the Samnites at a mountain pass, the Caudine Forks, and forced to capitulate. It suffers the indignity of ‘passing under the yoke’ – the Roman soldiers are stripped of their weapons and forced to pass under a ‘yoke’ of weapons held by their enemies. Rome surrenders the colony of Fregellae. | | 314 BC | Rome, Italy | The Romans inflict a crushing defeat on the Samnites at the Battle of Tarracina in southern Italy. Samnite losses are said to be over 10,000. The Romans reduce the city of Capua, which had defected to the Samnites. A Latin colony is founded at Luceria. | | 313 BC | Rome | Roman victories against the Samnites continue. Fregellae and Nora are recaptured, Nola and Calatia made allies, and Latin colonies are established at Suessa and Pontia to guard the coast road, at Saticula to watch the Campanian frontier, and at Interamna to cover the middle Liris valley. | | 310 BC | Rome, Italy | Rome has to deal with renewed trouble from the Etruscans, who join the Samnites and march on Sutrium. Rome advances into Etruria and makes treaties with the Etruscan cities of Cortona, Perusia, and Arretium, and takes Volsinii. | | 307 BC | Rome | Just as Rome is finally winning against the Samnites, the Hernici revolt, with many of their cities going over to the Samnites. The Aequi join them two years later. | | 304 BC | Rome, Italy | The Second Samnite War ends with a peace under which Rome gains no territory but the Samnites renounce their hegemony over Campania in southern Italy. | | 298 BC | Rome, Italy | The Third Samnite War in Italy is started by the Samnites, aided by Gaulish marauders and Etruscan allies. The Samnites seize their chance while Rome is engaged on the Lombard plain. The Romans penetrate into the heart of Samnite country. | | 290 BC | Rome, Italy | The Third Samnite War ends in Italy, with the Samnites subdued but recognized by the Romans as autonomous allies. |
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