tsar
Russian imperial title in use from 1547 to 1721, derived from the Latin caesar, the title of the Roman emperors.
Ivan (IV) the Terrible, the grand duke of Muscovy, was crowned the first tsar of Russia in 1547. In 1721 Peter (I) the Great officially changed the title to ‘emperor of all Russia’ as part of his efforts to reorganize and modernize his country on Western lines. However, the title of ‘tsar’ continued in popular use for subsequent Russian rulers until Nicholas II was deposed by the Russian Revolution in 1917.
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