Salzburg
Capital of the federal state of Salzburg, west Austria, on the River Salzach; population (2001) 142,700. There are textile industries, and stock rearing, dairy farming, forestry, tourism, and the manufacture of musical instruments all contribute to the local economy. The city is dominated by the Hohensalzburg fortress (founded 1077, present buildings 1465–1519). It is the seat of an archbishopric founded by St Boniface in about 700 and has a 17th-century cathedral. It is also a conference centre. There are numerous fine Romanesque, Gothic, and baroque churches. It is the birthplace of the composer Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart and an annual music festival in August has been held here since 1920. The Mozart Museum of Sound and Film opened in 1991.
| The performances of Jedermann (Everyman) are staged in the square in front of the cathedral each August. Salzburg's Roman name was Juvavum. |
Salzburg
Federal state of Austria, bounded by Bavaria to the northwest, Upper Austria to the north, Styria to the east, Carinthia to the south, and Tyrol to the southwest; area 7,154 sq km/2,762 sq mi; population (2001 est) 518,600. It lies mainly in the Salzburg Alps. Its capital is Salzburg. The main cities are Hallein, Badgastein, and Saafelden.
Physical
The Salzach and Enns rivers separate the Tauern mountain ranges to the south from the Kitzbüheler Alps and the Salzburg Limestone Alps further to the north. Rich in mineral resources, the region was a centre for copper mining during the Bronze Age and salt mining during the Iron Age.
Economy
The chief industries are cattle rearing, dairy farming, forestry, and tourism. The region is particularly well-known for its Alpine resorts and health spas, and its music and drama festivals. The Glockner-Kaprun Dam is one of the largest hydroelectric facilities in Europe.
History Settled by Celtic tribes, followed by the Romans after AD 15, Salzburg was overrun by Germanic tribes in the 5th century, and resettled primarily by the Bavarians. By the end of the 8th century, it had become the seat of an archbishopric. Its archbishops became princes of the Holy Roman Empire in 1278, and exhibited religious intolerance, expelling the Jews in the 15th century and forcing thousands of Protestants to flee to Prussia between 1731 and 1732. Salzburg was secularized in 1802, transferred to Bavaria by the Peace of Schönbrunn in 1809, and became an administrative district of Upper Austria in 1816, and a crown land in 1849. In 1918 it became a Bundesland (federal state). Annexed by Germany during the Anschluss (incorporation of Austria into the Third Reich) of 1938, it regained federal status in 1945. |
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